Oaths of Office For Federal Officials

An oath of office is a promise required of most  federal officials to carry out the duties set forth in the U.S. Constitution. The president and vice president, members of the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, and justices joining the U.S. Supreme Court all publicly take oaths before assuming office. But what do those oaths of office say? And what do they mean? Heres a look at the oaths taken by top officials in federal governments executive, legislative and judicial branches. The Presidents Oath of Office The president is required by  Article II, Section I of the U.S. Constitution to take the following oath of office: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States. Most presidents choose to take that oath while placing a hand on a Bible, which is often open to a specific verse that is important to the times or to the incoming commander-in-chief. The Vice Presidents Oath of Office The vice president takes the oath of office at the same ceremony as the president. Until 1933, the vice president took the oath in the U.S. Senate chambers. The vice presidents oath  dates from 1884  and is the same as that taken by members of Congress: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God. Beginning with the swearing in of John Adams in 1797, the oath has been administered by the chief justice of the Supreme Court. For most of the nations history, inauguration day was March 4. Since President Franklin D. Roosevelts second term in 1937, that ceremony occurs on Jan. 20, according to the 20th Amendment, which specifies that a presidents term should begin at noon on that date of the year following a presidential election.Not all oaths of office have occurred on inauguration day. Eight vice presidents have taken the oath of office upon the death of a president, while another was sworn in following a presidential resignation, according to U.S. Senate records. Vice President John Tyler  was sworn in on April 6, 1841, following the death of President William Henry Harrison.Vice President Millard Fillmore was sworn in on  July 10, 1850, following the death of President Zachary Taylor.Vice President Andrew Johnson was sworn in on April  15, 1865, following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.Vice President Chester Alan Arthur was sworn in on  Sept. 20, 1881, following the assassination of President James Garfield.Vice President Theodore Roosevelt  was sworn in on Sept. 14,  1901, following the assassination of President William McKinley.Vice President Calvin Coolidge was sworn in on Aug. 3,  1923, following the death of President Warren Harding.Vice President Harry Truman was sworn in on  April 12, 1945, following the death of President Franklin Roosevelt.Vice President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in on Nov. 22, 1963, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.Vice President Gerald R. Ford was sworn in on Aug. 9, 1974, following the resignation of President Richard Nixon. The U.S. Supreme Courts Oath of Office Each Supreme Court Justice takes the following oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as under the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God. Oaths of Office for Members of Congress At the start of each new Congress, the entire House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate are sworn into office. This oath-taking dates to 1789, the first Congress; however, the current oath was fashioned in the 1860s, by Civil War-era members of Congress. The first members of Congress developed this simple 14-word oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution of the United States. The Civil War led  Lincoln to develop an expanded oath for all federal civilian employees in April 1861. When Congress reconvened later that year, its members enacted legislation requiring employees to take the expanded oath in support of the Union. This oath is the earliest direct predecessor of the modern oath.The current oath was enacted in 1884. It reads: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter: So help me God. The public swearing-in ceremony consists of members of Congress  raising their right hands and repeating the oath of office. This ceremony is led by the Speaker of the House, and no religious texts are used. Some members of Congress later hold separate private ceremonies for photo ops. [This article has been amended by Tom Murse.]

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 2349 Words

The book Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a book that mainly focuses on the romantic dramas of a small society of rich people in and around the town of Hertfordshire. In her book, Jane Austen portrays some of the common characteristics of people as they try to find a mate. She uniquely illustrates the romantic dramas people encounter in everyday life. Although Pride and Prejudice certainly pertained to the living style of the 1800’s, its concepts, and analysis of human nature still apply today. Austen shows the psychology of romantic dramas that are common in human nature, as she conveys these concepts throughout Pride and Prejudice. We get a better understanding of ourselves as we watch the different characters interact as their relationships unfold. In a town called Hertfordshire near London, the Bennets; Mr. and Mrs. Bennet, and their five daughters, are surrounded by a few neighbors all within their limited rich society. And because they live as the minority of rich people in society, naturally the marriage choices are limited which sometimes leads to dramas concerning marriage and its romantic indications. This story, Pride and Prejudice, is a story of the romantic dramas that ensue from these interactions. For the Bennet family, excitement stirred when there was an announcement that a well-off gentleman by the name of Charles Bingley who moved into a nearby estate. Mrs. Bennet was ecstatic with the prospect of one of her five daughters potentially marrying Mr.Show MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darc y and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a roman tic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane A usten s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important cr iteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening around her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

Twenty Years from Now Free Essays

Wow, it’s weird picturing yourself twenty years in the future, but I love making goals for myself. First off, my job has to be the right one for me. I was thinking about managing hotels, like the Hilton, hotels that are all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Twenty Years from Now or any similar topic only for you Order Now I want to be able to travel and see them in person. The money figure doesn’t really matter to me. I just want to have the job that I love, so that it won’t really be like working. Secondly, I want a marriage that will last forever. Looks aren’t really important to me. I want to have a big family, maybe four kids, no more than six. With a big family comes a big house. I don’t want a mansion, but I want a house that feels like home to me, something that I can actually claim as my own. Nothing to flashy, so people think that I have a lot of money, just something that I will feel comfortable with. With a house, you must be able to have a car. I want one minivan, and two really nice cars. Like I said about the house nothing to flashy, but something I am comfortable with in my own skin. One major thing that I know I will worry about in the future is my bank account. The main reason why I don’t want anything that is too flashy is because it can be taken away at any time or destroyed. That is why I want to have nice things, but also have a nice bank account, so that I know that in the future, if I need anything or just in case of an emergency, I have something that I can fall back on. Lastly I want a good health. At eighteen, I am not the healthiest person in the world. But I know I can work on it. With time, I can be a very healthy 38 year old man, with four to six children, an amazing wife, a nice size house, with the cars that I can dream about, and I can’t forget about the family dog. I had a daschund when I was younger name Rufus, and I think my children would love one as well. How to cite Twenty Years from Now, Papers Twenty Years from Now Free Essays Wow, it’s weird picturing yourself twenty years in the future, but I love making goals for myself. First off, my job has to be the right one for me. I was thinking about managing hotels, like the Hilton, hotels that are all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Twenty Years from Now or any similar topic only for you Order Now I want to be able to travel and see them in person. The money figure doesn’t really matter to me. I just want to have the job that I love, so that it won’t really be like working. Secondly, I want a marriage that will last forever. Looks aren’t really important to me. I want to have a big family, maybe four kids, no more than six. With a big family comes a big house. I don’t want a mansion, but I want a house that feels like home to me, something that I can actually claim as my own. Nothing to flashy, so people think that I have a lot of money, just something that I will feel comfortable with. With a house, you must be able to have a car. I want one minivan, and two really nice cars. Like I said about the house nothing to flashy, but something I am comfortable with in my own skin. One major thing that I know I will worry about in the future is my bank account. The main reason why I don’t want anything that is too flashy is because it can be taken away at any time or destroyed. That is why I want to have nice things, but also have a nice bank account, so that I know that in the future, if I need anything or just in case of an emergency, I have something that I can fall back on. Lastly I want a good health. At eighteen, I am not the healthiest person in the world. But I know I can work on it. With time, I can be a very healthy 38 year old man, with four to six children, an amazing wife, a nice size house, with the cars that I can dream about, and I can’t forget about the family dog. I had a daschund when I was younger name Rufus, and I think my children would love one as well. How to cite Twenty Years from Now, Essay examples

Duty to Third Party-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Duty to Third Party. Answer: Duty of care is an essential thing in case of any business or profession. It particularly attracts the provision of the Tort Law and it requires everyone to act in a manner so that the interest of others should not be harmed. According to the provision of the English Tort Law, everyone has a duty to take care of others and if this duty has been breached, the wrongdoer has to face punishment. The principle of duty of care was established in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562. Duty of care can be breached if the act of a person harm the other party either physically, mentally or economically. Duty of care is the first essential of negligence. However, the harm should be foreseeable in nature and justified as stated in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] UKHL 2. Professional negligence is a part of the English law of Tort. It has been stated that every professional should have to act as a prudent person. They owe certain duties to the customers and to the third parties. However, in case of the professional negligence, provision of the Tort law and Contract law will apply in parallel ways. Every professional should meet the standard of care to others and should act in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract. In case of Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd[1], it was decided that if a person rely on the acts of a professional and the professional is unable to perform his duties properly, he shall be liable for the breach of duty. However, it has been observed in case of Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd[2]that in case of concurrent liability, the compensation will be given for the actual loss and not for other co-related losses. In Customs Excise Commissioners -v- Barclays Bank Plc[3], it has been observed by the court that if there is any assumption regarding the liability of one person to any third party, he will be held liable in case of breach of the duty. In that case, three essentials of responsibility have to be established such as foreseeability, proximity and reasonableness. In case of Arrowhead Capital Finance Limited (In Liquidation) -v- KPMG LLP, Court observed that if all these essentials have been fulfilled, the third party can claim damage under professional negligence. The provision of professional negligence for the auditors is different in different countries. In Canada, section 310 of the Companies Act 1985 regulates the liability of the Auditors to the third party and enables to limit their liability if breach of duty has been proved against them. However, the accountant could not get liable under Contract but under Tort. In Smith v Eric S Bush (1990) 1 AC 831, it was held that the auditors will be responsible if their acts cause financial loss to the third party. The case of Law Society v KPMG Peat Marwick (2000) 4 All ER 540 establish the duty of the auditor to the third party. The doctrine of privity test is applied in Canada through the case of Haig v Bamford[4]. In case of Scott Group Ltd v Macfarlane [1978] 1 NZLR 553, the New Zealand court held that if the breach of duty by an auditor is foreseeable in nature, he shall be held liable to the third party. It has also held that if a third party is wholly liable upon the auditor and the auditor failed to perform his duties properly, he shall be held liable under professional negligence. In Singapore, one leading technology group named DMX Technologies Group had brought an action against its auditor firm Deloitte Touche under professional negligence and alleged that the firm was unable to detect fraud regarding its auditing. Based on the commission report, High Court of Singapore held the firm liable and decreed that the auditors of the firm had failed to maintain their standard of duty. Australia has adopted the principle of privity test established in Ultramares Corporation v Touche 174 NE 441 (1931). In Malaysia, the base of professional negligence for the auditors has been discussed in JSI Shipping (S) Pte Ltd v. Teofoongwonglcloo[5]. It has been held that the auditor must work with accuracy to avoid any fraud and need to keep record regarding the all account works. If these rules have not been followed up properly, he will be liable under the professional negligence. References: Customs Excise Commissioners -v- Barclays Bank Plc [2006] UK HL28. Haig v Bamford [1976] 72 DLR (3d) 68. Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd (1964) AC 465. Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145. JSI Shipping (S) Pte Ltd v. Teofoongwonglcloo [2007] 4 SLR (R) 460. Rosenblum Inc v Adler 461 A 2d 138 (NJ 1983) (1964) AC 465 [1995] 2 AC 145 [2006] UK HL28 [1976] 72 DLR (3d) 68. [2007] 4 SLR (R) 460